Types of Dry Cleaning Solvents: What’s Best for Your Business?
Choosing the right dry cleaning solvent is a critical decision for any professional cleaner. The solvent you use directly affects cleaning effectiveness, operating costs, environmental compliance, and customer satisfaction. With multiple types of solvents available—ranging from traditional to eco-friendly options—understanding their strengths, weaknesses, and use cases can help you select the best fit for your dry cleaning business.
What Are Dry Cleaning Solvents?
Dry cleaning solvents are chemical liquids used to clean fabrics without water. Unlike water-based laundering, these solvents dissolve oils and grease that water cannot. They are used in dry cleaning machines to wash garments while preserving fabric integrity, color, and finish.
Why Solvent Choice Matters
- Cleaning Performance: Different solvents vary in how well they remove stains or preserve delicate fabrics.
- Environmental Impact: Some solvents are eco-friendlier and safer for workers and customers.
- Regulatory Compliance: Local and federal environmental laws may restrict the use of certain chemicals.
- Operational Costs: Solvent cost, machine compatibility, and disposal fees all affect profitability.
1. Perchloroethylene (Perc)
Overview
Perchloroethylene, commonly known as Perc, is the most widely used solvent in the dry cleaning industry for over 60 years. It is a chlorinated solvent prized for its powerful cleaning abilities, especially on oil-based stains.
Pros of Perc
- Excellent stain removal, especially grease and oil
- Compatible with most dry cleaning equipment
- Leaves garments relatively odor-free
Cons of Perc
- Toxic and carcinogenic; requires strict handling protocols
- Heavily regulated by the EPA and local authorities
- High environmental disposal costs
Best For:
Established dry cleaners who are equipped to handle and dispose of hazardous chemicals safely and legally.
2. Hydrocarbon Solvents
Overview
Hydrocarbon solvents are petroleum-based alternatives to Perc. Popular brands include EcoSolv and DF-2000. They are less aggressive but still effective for a wide range of fabrics.
Pros of Hydrocarbon Solvents
- Less toxic and safer than Perc
- Lower risk of fabric damage or dye bleeding
- Compatible with specialized hydrocarbon machines
Cons of Hydrocarbon Solvents
- Slower drying times compared to Perc
- Less effective on heavy stains
- Still derived from petroleum, raising environmental concerns
Best For:
Businesses looking for a balance between cleaning performance and lower toxicity without switching to full green technologies.
3. Silicone-Based Solvents (GreenEarth®)
Overview
Silicone solvents like GreenEarth® are a popular eco-friendly alternative in modern dry cleaning. These are derived from liquid silicone (D5), which breaks down into sand, water, and carbon dioxide.
Pros of Silicone-Based Solvents
- Non-toxic and non-hazardous
- Gentle on fabrics and colors
- No harsh chemical smell
Cons of Silicone-Based Solvents
- Higher initial investment in compatible machines
- Moderate stain removal ability (pre-spotting often required)
- Proprietary systems can lead to vendor lock-in
Best For:
Eco-conscious businesses in urban or regulated markets aiming to attract environmentally aware customers.
4. Liquid CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)
Overview
Liquid CO₂ dry cleaning uses pressurized carbon dioxide in liquid form to clean garments. It is considered one of the most sustainable methods, with virtually no toxic emissions.
Pros of Liquid CO₂
- Extremely eco-friendly; no chemical waste
- Gentle on sensitive fabrics
- Low operating temperatures
Cons of Liquid CO₂
- Very high equipment costs
- Limited availability and technical support
- Not ideal for all types of stains
Best For:
High-end or boutique cleaners targeting luxury and environmentally conscious customers willing to pay premium prices.
5. Wet Cleaning (Water-Based)
Overview
Though not technically a “dry” solvent, professional wet cleaning uses water and biodegradable detergents in specialized machines. It’s often seen as the future of environmentally friendly garment care.
Pros of Wet Cleaning
- 100% non-toxic and biodegradable
- Safe for workers and customers
- Excellent on water-based stains
Cons of Wet Cleaning
- Limited effectiveness on grease/oil stains
- Can cause fabric shrinkage or color bleeding without precise control
- Requires skilled operators and garment-specific programming
Best For:
New or transitioning businesses seeking a sustainable and future-proof alternative to chemical-based cleaning.
How to Choose the Right Solvent for Your Business
1. Assess Your Market and Client Needs
Do your customers prefer eco-friendly services? Are you located in a high-end neighborhood or an industrial area? Market preferences should drive your solvent choice.
2. Consider Local Regulations
Some solvents like Perc may be banned or heavily regulated in your region. Research state and federal laws before investing in equipment or chemicals.
3. Analyze Long-Term Costs
While eco-friendly systems like GreenEarth or CO₂ have higher initial costs, they may offer savings in licensing, waste disposal, and marketing appeal over time.
4. Evaluate Equipment Compatibility
Not all machines support every solvent. Converting or purchasing new equipment may be necessary depending on your solvent switch.
5. Prioritize Worker and Customer Safety
Using non-toxic solvents helps reduce liability, ensures compliance, and builds trust with safety-conscious customers.
Conclusion
When selecting the best dry cleaning solvent for your business, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. Factors such as budget, cleaning performance, environmental goals, and regulatory compliance should guide your decision. Whether you stick with Perc, shift to hydrocarbons, or embrace green options like silicone or CO₂, choosing the right solvent can define your brand’s reputation and long-term success.
Stay informed, audit your current processes, and don’t hesitate to consult solvent suppliers or industry experts when making your decision. A smart choice today can lead to cleaner results, happier customers, and a more sustainable business tomorrow.